Explain the four processes of Social Learning Theory.
Answer:
Social learning theory focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It considers that people learn from one another, including such concepts as observational learning, imitation, and modelling. The social learning theory was proposed by Albert Bandura.
1. Attention processes:
· People learn from a model only when they recognize and pay attention to its critical features.
· In order to learn, it is required to pay attention. Anything that detracts the attention is going to have a negative effect on observational learning.
· If the model is interesting or there is a novel aspect to the situation, it is more likely to dedicate the full attention to learning.
2. Retention processes:
· A model’s influence will depend on how well the individual remembers the model’s action after it is no longer readily available.
· The ability to store information is also an important part of the learning process.
· Retention can be affected by a number of factors, but the ability to pull up information later and act on it is vital to observational learning.
3. Motor reproduction processes:
· After a person has seen a new behaviour by observing the model, the watching must be converted to doing. The ability to store information is also an important part of the learning process. Retention can be affected by a number of factors, but the ability to pull up information later and act on it is vital to observational learning.
4. Reinforcement processes:
· Individuals will be motivated to exhibit the modelled behaviour if positive incentives or rewards are provided.
· Reinforcement and punishment play an important role in motivation. While experiencing these motivators can be highly effective, so can observing other experience some type of reinforcement or punishment.
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